Certified Arborist Practice Exam

Which tree is characterized by short four-sided needles, cones that grow downward, and being an evergreen tree?

1. Elm tree

2. Pine tree

3. Spruce tree

4. Ash tree

The correct answer is: Spruce tree

The tree being described with short four-sided needles, cones that grow downward, and characteristics of being an evergreen tree matches the spruce tree perfectly. Spruce trees have distinct, short, square-shaped needles that can be easily rolled between the fingers, which is a unique trait among coniferous trees. Their cones, typically hanging downwards from the branches, distinguish them from other conifers that may have upright cones. In contrast, elm trees and ash trees are deciduous, shedding their leaves annually and lacking the conifer's features such as needles and cones. Pine trees, while also evergreen, possess long, needle-like foliage grouped in bundles rather than the individual short needles found in spruces. Therefore, the definitive traits outlined in the question align specifically with the characteristics of the spruce tree.