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Scale insects feed on this tissue:

  1. Nematodes

  2. Bacteria

  3. Phloem

  4. Herbicide damage

The correct answer is: Phloem

The correct answer is phloem because scale insects predominantly feed on the phloem tissue of plants. The phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients, particularly sugars produced through photosynthesis. By feeding on this tissue, scale insects can extract vital nutrients necessary for their growth and reproduction. This feeding can lead to plant stress, nutrient deficiency, and even plant death if infestations are severe. The other options do not represent the tissue that scale insects primarily target. Nematodes are microscopic roundworms that can affect roots but are not what scale insects feed on. Bacteria can be involved in plant diseases, but they do not constitute a tissue that scale insects consume. Herbicide damage refers to the effects of chemical treatments used to manage unwanted plants and is unrelated to the feeding behavior of scale insects.